Working memory can be conceptualized as a “scratch pad” for maintaining chunks of information to access as part of building knowledge and problem-solving. Wherever working memory capacity is not construct-relevant, it is important to draw from a variety of scaffolds and organizational aids to keep information organized and “in mind.”

• Use graphic organizers and templates for data collection and organizing information.
• Use prompts for categorizing, systematizing, and discovering themes and patterns.
• Use checklists and guides for note-taking.