A critical aspect of learning is the capacity to act skillfully and purposefully, or to demonstrate “executive functions.” One component of executive function as it relates to the strategic networks is strategy development. Strategic networks include the prefrontal cortex and are interconnected with networks that impact affect and recognition. These capabilities connected to the strategic networks allow humans to become intentional in their short-term reactions to their environment and to set long-term goals and plan effective strategies for reaching those goals. These practices include monitoring progress and modifying strategies as needed. In short, they support learners to use the resources and tools available to make the most out of learning.

The UDL framework typically involves efforts to expand executive capacity in two ways: 1) by scaffolding lower level skills so they require less executive processing; and 2) by scaffolding higher level executive skills and strategies so they are more effective and developed. Previous guidelines have addressed accessibility supports and scaffolding. This guideline addresses ways to provide scaffolding for executive functions themselves.